"Square rule" is the name of a method of marking lines on a timber so that all the joints line up from one timber to the next.
In Japan I believe they use center line layout.
Layout means drawing lines on the wood to represent the tenon/mortise and waste wood to be cut away.
We usually layout the lines first so that we can see what will be cut away and what will stay.
I can understand your need to do things with only hand tools.
To make pegs you can use a draw knife if you have one. And you can build your own simple shaving horse to hold the stock while you shave it to size and shape.
If you don't have a draw knife then you can use a plane or a chisel. It's a bit harder to do, but you have to use the tools you have on hand.
To bore holes without power drills you need to find a "T" handle auger bit. It is a simple but effective way to bore holes for removing wood from mortises or drilling peg/pin holes.
Jim Rogers
